Contents:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i

MESSAGE FROM THE IFESS PRESIDENT ii

IFESS'97 AND NP'97 INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE iii

FOREWORD iv

INVITED LECTURES AND NP'97 ABSTRACTS

NEURON-GLIAL INTERACTIONS ON THE PNS AND CNS 1

Albert Aguayo

STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE SPINAL CORD REGENERATION USING

SCHWANN CELL GRAFTS 2

Naomi Kleitman, M.Oudega, X.M.Xu, A.Chen and M.B.Bunge

NP'97 PANEL SESSION 1: MUSCLE FATIGUE 3

Speakers: R.B.Stein, J.Mizrahi, W.Durfee and C.Thomas

NP'97 PANEL SESSION 2: CONTROL OF PROXIMAL MUSCLES OF THE ARM 4

Speakers: R.Kirsch, J.Dewald and M.Popoviƒ

Discussants; A.Prochazka and P.Crago

NP'97 PANEL SESSION 3: NEURAL SIGNALS FOR CONTROL OF PROSTHETIC DEVICES 6

Speakers: A.Schwartz, J.A.Hoffer, J.Chapin and N.Viriji-Babul

Discussant: B.Andrews

NP'97 PANEL SESSION 4: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND MULTICENTER TRIALS 7

Speakers: G.Loeb and D.Graupe

IFESS'97 - SESSION 1

MUSCLE FATIGUE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION 9

INTERLEAVED DUAL-CHANNEL STIMULATION OF THE VENTRAL LUMBO-SACRAL

SPINAL CORD REDUCES MUSCLE FATIGUE 11

V.K.Mushahwar and K.W.Horch

EMG‑CONTROLLED ADJUSTMENT AND FATIGUE MONITORING IN MULTICHANNEL

SURFACE STIMULATORS 13

W.Mayr, M.Bijak, Ch.Hofer, H.Lanmueller, D.Rafolt, S.Sauermann, E.Unger,

W.Girsch, H.Kern, G.Freilinger

MUSCLE FATIGUE DURING INTERMITTENT HIGH AND LOW FREQUENCY STIMULATION 15

T.Matsunaga, Y.Shimada, K.Sato, H.Kagaya, Y.Tsutsumi, T.Kashiwagura and M.Sato

MUSCLE CONTRACTION FORCE BELOW 600 Hz IN BLOCK STIMULATION FREQUENCY 17

T.Kashiwagura, Y.Shimada, K.Sato, H.Kagaya, T.Matsunaga,Y.Tsutsumi and M.Sato

THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING BY FES ON GEOMETRY AND FORCE OF PARALYZED

THIGH MUSCLES 19

O.Levin, J.Mizrahi, M.Gornish, E.Prishkulnik, A.Hershkoviz and E.Isakov

THE USE OF PATTERNED STIMULATION FOR REDUCING FATIGUE IN FES SYSTEMS 21

N.Mourselas and M.H.Granat

HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION UPREGULATES

"c" FOS GENE EXPRESSION 23

M.Fujiki, M.Isono, S.Hori and O.Steward

CENTRAL HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO LOADED AND UNLOADED

ES‑INDUCED AND VOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS OF THE LOWER LEG 25

P.D.Faghri, J.D.Votto and C.F.Hovorka

THE EFFECTS OF THERAPEUTIC ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON SUBLUXATION

AND FUNCTION OF THE SHOULDER JOINT AFTER CVA 29

H.Kobayashi, K.Ihashi, Y.Matsumura, R.Yagi, Y.Handa and N.Hoshimiya

HOME EXERCISE FOR PARAPLEGICS USING FES 31

L.Miller, G.Wheeler, R.Burnham, R.Steadward and B.Andrews

SURPRISINGLY HIGH PERCENTAGE OF TYPE I MUSCLE FIBERS IN A

CHRONIC PARAPLEGIC INDIVIDUAL. A CASE STUDY 33

A.Hartkopp, J.L.Andersen, C.Crone, S.D.R.Harridge, M.Kjaer,

M.Massao, A.Ratkevicius, B.Saltin, B.Quistorff, S.Zhou and E.Biering‑Sorensen

TISSUE RESPONSES TO AN IMPLANTED PETERSON‑TYPE INTRAMUSCULAR

ELECTRODE INTO THE VOCAL FOLDS 33

R.Ambalavanar, T.Mortimer, S.Bielamowicz, M.Damirjian and C.L.Ludlow

THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON CONTRACTURE FORMATION

AT THE WRIST FOLLOWING STROKE 34

M.H.Granat, A.D.Pandyan, J.M.Powell, M.Cameron and D.J.Stott

IFESS'97 - SESSION 2

MYOPLASTY, BLADDER AND PHRENIC STIMULATION 35

RESPONSE OF THE MOBILIZED LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE AFTER

VARIATIONS OF THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION REGIMEN 37

G.Chekanov, M.Rieder and V.Chekanov

ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED BIOLOGICAL NEO-VENTRICLE FOR AORTIC

COUNTERPULSATION: AN ANIMAL EXPERIMENT IN SHEEP 39

M.Rab, W.Girsch, R.Koller, R.Seitelberger, H.Lanmüller, H.Schima,

H.G.Stöhr, U.M.Losert and E.Wolner

LONG‑TERM PRESERVED STRUCTURE OF MYOFIBERS AND VESSELS OF THE

LATISSIMUS DORSI AFTER DYNAMIC CARDIOMYOPLASTY 41

R.Scelsi, L.Scelsi, J.Chachques, R.Larusso and U.Carraro

SELECTIVE BLOCK OF URETHRAL SPHINCTER CONTRACTIONS IN SACRAL

ANTERIOR ROOT STIMULATION 43

S.Schumacher, S.Bross, J.R.Scheepe, G.Wipfler, S.Zendler, K.P.Junemann and P.Alken

WHOLE NERVE CUFF RECORDINGS FROM NERVES INNERVATING

THE URINARY BLADDER 45

S.Jezernik, J.Wen, N.J.M.Rijkhoff, M.Haugland, J.C.Djurhuus and T.Sinkjaer

OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF ABDOMINAL MUSCLES STIMULATION FOR

AUGMENTATION OF PULMONARY VENTILATION 47

U.Stanic, F.Kandare, R.Jaeger and J.Šorli

CONTINUOUS VOLUMETRY OF THE URINARY BLADDER: IS THE INTEGRATION

IN A BLADDER NEUROSTIMULATOR ESSENTIAL? 49

S.Bross, S.Schumacher, JR Scheepe, G.Wipfler, S.Zendler, C.Seif, KP Junemann and P.Alken

DYNAMIC CARDIOMYOPLASTY: IMPLEMENT A BASIC CONCEPT TO ALLOW

NON INVASIVE MONITORING OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LD FLAP 51

U.Carraro, G.Docali, M.Barbiero, C.Brunazz, R.Larusso and C.Muneretto

POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLE ‑ EMG AS A TRIGGER FOR VOLUNTARY BREATHING

IN DIAPHRAGM PACING ‑ PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF AN ANIMAL STUDY 53

G.Tairych, W.Girsch, S.Sauermann, H.Lanmueller, E.Unger and W.Mayr

CONDITIONING OF THE LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE WITH EPINEURAL

ELECTRODES: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND KINETIC BEHAVIOR 53

W.Girsch, M.Rab, R.Koller, H.Schima, H.G.Stoehr, T.Basar and M.Frey

OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE

USING N‑LET PROTOCOLS 54

L.A.F.Mathine, J.D.Sweeney, K.J.Gustafson and T.A.Brandon

ANTI‑COLLAGEN TYPE III ANTIBODIES DETECTS INCREASE OF BLOOD VESSELS

IN STIMULATED RABBIT LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE 58

C.Duan, J.A.Magovern, I.Y.Christlieb, D.R.Trumble, M.Herbert and G.J.Magovern

CARDIOMYOSTIMULATOR AND CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR INTERACTION

IN CLINICAL DYNAMIC CARDIOMYOPLASTY 61

V.S.Chekanov, S.Deshpande, D.Francischelli, D.H.Schmidt and D.Waller

EFFECTS OF PRESSURE EXPANSION AND DYNAMIC TRAINING ON LATISSIMUS

DORSI MUSCLE ADAPTATION AND PERFORMANCE 63

K.J.Gustafson, J.D.Sweeney, J.Gibney, L.A.F.Mathine and T.A.Brandon

MUSCLE‑TO‑CARDIAC TIMING FOR AORTOMYOPLASTY 65

D.T.George, D.R.Thompson, E.A.Cheever, A.S.Geha and B.L.Cmolik

THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE VENTRICLES 67

J.C.Jarvis, A.P.Shortland, D.M.Pullan and S.Salmons

VASCULAR DELAY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FOR CARDIOMYOPLASTY 69

B.B.Y.Chiang, A.T.Ali, L.S.Unger, A.D.Slater and W.P.Santamore

ACTIVITY‑REST REGIMEN OF STIMULATION FOR CARDIO-MYOPLASTY:

SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION OF EXERCISE‑INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE AND

INCREASED POWER IN SHEEP LD 70

G.Arpesella, P.Mikus, P.Lombardi, A.Giannoni, A.Pierangeli,

S.Zampieri, A.Elmesslemani and U.Carraro

URETHRAL PRESSURE RESPONSES TO STIMULATION OF AFFERENT AND EFFERENT

NEURONS IN THE PUDENDAL NERVE AND SACRAL SPINAL CORD OF MALE CATS 71

B.Wang, W.M.Grill and N.Bhadra

CHRONIC LARYNGEAL STIMULATION MAINTAINS DYNAMIC CLOSURE CONTROL 71

C.L.Ludlow , S.Bielamowicz , M.Daniels, P.Choyke, V.Hampshire, K.Maltby,

R.Testerman, R.Bierbaum and D.Erickson

IFESS'97 - SESSION 3

MODELING AND CONTROL 73

MACHINE LEARNING CONTROL OF FES: REAL‑TIME IMPLEMENTATION 75

F.Wang, A.Thrasher, N.Ouellette, R.Williamson and B.Andrews

CONTROL OF FES USING UNSUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING 77

F.Wang, A.Thrasher and B.Andrews

EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE AND FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS FOR USE IN

FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR STIMULATION SYSTEMS 79

J.A.Riess and J.J.Abbas

SAFETY IMPROVEMENT IN USING AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF FES‑ASSISTED

LOCOMOTION 81

A.Kostov

ADAPTIVE MAPPING FOR THE CONTROL OF STANDING WITH FUNCTIONAL

NEUROMUSCULAR STIMULATION 83

E.C.Stites, J.J.Abbas and R.J.Triolo

NEUROFUZZY ADAPTIVE CONTROLLING OF SELECTIVE STIMULATION FOR FNS:

A CASE STUDY 85

H.Qi, D.J.Tyler and D.M.Durand

THE USE OF NEURAL NETWORKS WITH VIRTUAL SENSORS FOR FES CONTROL 89

K.Y.Tong and M.H.Granat

CLOSED‑LOOP CONTROL OF KNEE BUCKLING USING HIGH‑FREQUENCY STIMULATION 91

Y.Shimada, K.Sato, H.Kagaya, T.Matsunaga, Y.Tsutsumi, T.Kashiwagura and M.Sato

MODELING AND CONTROL OF FES STANDING IN PARAPLEGIA:

POSSIBILITY OF UNASSISTED STANDING UP 93

R.Davoodi and B.Andrews

FES-SUPPORTED STANDING UP BY INDEPENDENT CONTROL OF THREE GLOBAL

VARIABLES - A MODELLING STUDY 95

P.H.Veltink, O.J.Boiten, R.Jacobs, T.J.A.de Vries and G.Baardman

TOWARDS FES CONTROL OF PARAPLEGIC STANDING USING PHYSIOLOGICAL

SENSING - A MODELLING STUDY 97

J.H.van der Spek, P.H.Veltink and H.J.Hermens

CONTROL OF REACHING WITH ALTERED VISUAL FEEDBACK 99

D.Popovic, M.Popovic and S.Mladenovic

DEVELOPING COMPLEX FES CONTROLLERS USING A "VIRTUAL" PATIENT 101

A.Thrasher, F.Wang and B.Andrews

SIGNIFICANCE OF PASSIVE ELASTIC JOINT MOMENTS IN FES 103

R.Riener and Th.Edrich

DYNAMICS OF A PARALYZED THIGH IS NOT AFFECTED BY COACTIVATION

RESPONSE TO TRANSCUTANEOUS STIMULATION OF THE QUADRICEPS 107

J.Mizrahi, O.Levin and E.Isakov

STIMULUS FREQUENCY‑FORCE RELATION IN MUSCLE MODEL FOR FES

APPLICATIONS 109

T.Watanabe, T.Nozawa, G.Eom, S.Ohba, R.Futami, N.Hoshimiya and Y.Handa

CONTROLLING SKELETAL MUSCLE WITH N‑LET PULSE TRAINS 113

S.J.Dorgan, R.Riener and M.J.O'Malley

ELECTRICAL NERVE BLOCK: A COMPUTER SIMULATION 115

R.Williamson and B.Andrews

OPEN AND CLOSED‑LOOP ISOMETRIC MUSCLE FORCE CONTROL DURING

ORDERLY RECRUITMENT INDUCED THROUGH HIGH FREQUENCY BLOCK 118

R.V.Baratta, B‑H.Zhou and M.Solomonow

ISOMETRIC KNEE TORQUES GENERATED BY MICROSTIMULATION OF THE

LUMBAR SPINAL CORD 118

W.M.Grill, B.Wang and N.Bhadra

DYNAMIC STABILITY AND THE FES GAIT 119

T.Karcnik and A.Kralj

A COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE QUADRICEPS STIMULATION TO KEEP

EXTENSORS CONTRIBUTIONS DURING STANDING IN PARAPLEGIA 121

J.P.Uhlir and R.J.Triolo

A MODEL FOR THE DESIGN OF FES STANDING‑UP STRATEGIES 123

R. Riener, Th.Fuhr, J.Quintern and G.Schmidt

IFESS'97 - SESSION 4

NEURAL PROSTHESES FOR UPPER EXTREMITIES 125

INTEGRATED HAND/WRIST CONTROL IN A NEUROPROSTHESIS FOR INDIVIDUALS

WITH TETRAPLEGIA 127

M.M.Adamczyk and P.E.Crago

EMG CONTROLLED GRASPING NEUROPROSTHESIS FOR HIGH LESIONED

TETRAPLEGIC PATIENTS 129

T.Keller, A.Curt, V.Dietz and M.Morari

ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION OF TRICEPS BRACHII USING THE FREEHAND SYSTEM:

A CASE REPORT 131

S.G.Carroll, C.A.Cooper, D.J.Brown and G.W.Sormann

INTERNAL SHOULDER MOTION IN C5 TETRAPLEGIA 133

A.M.Acosta, R.F.Kirsch and F.C.T.van der Helm

IS NATURAL SENSORY FEEDBACK BENEFICIAL FOR CONTROLLING HAND

NEUROPROSTHESES FOR TETRAPLEGICS ? - A CASE STUDY 135

A.Lickel, M.Haugland and T.Sinkjaer

BEST STUDENT PAPER - IFESS'97

USING ESTIMATES OF DYNAMIC ENDPOINT STIFFNESS TO QUANTIFY THE

EFFECTS OF TRICEPS FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR STIMULATION 137

E.J.Perreault, A.M.Acosta, R.F.Kirsch and P.E.Crago

HANDMASTER NMS1 - PRESENT TECHNOLOGY & THE NEXT GENERATION 139

R.H.Nathan

INSTRUMENTED EVALUATION OF MYOELECTRIC CONTROL IN A

BILATERAL PERCUTANEOUS HAND GRASP NEUROPROSTHESIS FOR SPINAL

CORD INJURED PERSONS WITH TETRAPLEGIA 141

T.R.D.Scott, J.M.Heasman, V.A.Vare, J.W.Middleton, C.Gschwind and S.B.Rutkowski

ASSESSMENT OF A BILATERAL PERCUTANEOUS HAND GRASP NEUROPROSTHESIS

FOR SPINAL CORD INJURED PERSONS WITH TETRAPLEGIA 143

T.R.D.Scott, V.A.Vare, R.E.Quirk, J.W.Middleton, C.Gschwind and S.B.Rutkowski

ELECTRICAL RECRUITMENT PROPERTIES OF PECTORALIS MAJOR AND

LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLES IN C5 TETRAPLEGIA 145

R.F.Kirsch, A.M.Acosta, and P.P.Parikh

MYO-ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION 147

R.Thorsen

STIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR CONTROL OF REACHING WITH FES SYSTEMS 150

M.Popovic and D.Popovic

TREMOR ATTENUATION WITH FES 154

A.Prochazka, J.Law, D.Gillard and T.Cameron

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WRIST ANGLE AND HAND OPENING BY

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA 154

T.L.Cameron, K.McDonald, L.Jerrett and A.Prochazka

IMPROVEMENTS OF GRASPING: CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE BIONIC GLOVE 155

S.Jovic, A.Stojanovic, A.Pjanovic, S.Radosavljevic, D.Vulovic,

L.Svirtlih, G.Savkovic and D.Popovic

IFESS'97 - SESSION 5

WALKING AND STANDING: CLINICAL WORK 157

EVALUATION OF 70 PARAPLEGICS FITTED WITH THE LSU RGO/FES:

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 159

M.Solomonow, R.Baratta, E.Reisin, E.Aguilar, R.Best and R.D'Ambrosia

EVALUATION OF 70 PARAPLEGICS FITTED WITH THE LSU RGO/FES:

MEDICAL EVALUATION 159

M.Solomonow, R.Baratta, E.Reisin, E.Aguilar, R.Best and R.D'Ambrosia

A CANADIAN MULTICENTRE TRIAL USING FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL

STIMULATION FOR ASSISTING GAIT 160

M.Wieler, R.B.Stein, M.Ladouceur, H.Barbeau, A.Smith, E.Aimone and M.Whittaker

ANALYSIS OF PARAPLEGICS SIT‑TO‑STAND TRANSFER USING FUNCTIONAL

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND ARM SUPPORT 161

R.Kamnik, T.Bajd and A.Kralj

LARSI: HOW TO OBTAIN FAVORABLE MUSCLE CONTRACTION 163

D.N.Rushton, T.A.Perkins, N.de N.Donaldson, D.Wood, V.J.Harper,

A.M.Tromans, F.M.D.Barr and D.S.Holder

PARAPLEGIC LOCOMOTION: A LINKED KNEE ANKLE FOOT HYBRID SYSTEM 165

B.Andrews, A.Cliquet, M.Olin, R.Burnham and A.Thrasher

PROLONGED CLOSED‑LOOP STANDING IN PARAPLEGIA WITH IMPLANTED

COCHLEAR FES‑22 STIMULATOR AND ANDREWS ANKLE‑FOOT ORTHOSIS 168

T.Houdayer, R.Davis, B.Andrews, S.Emmons and J.Patrick

CLINICAL RESULTS FROM IMPLANTED FNS SYSTEMS FOR MOBILITY AFTER

SPINAL CORD INJURY 170

R.J.Triolo, C.Bieri, J.Uhlir, D.Ferencz, G.Polando, R.Kobetic,

K.Ferguson, A.Young and E.B.Marsolais

AN IMPROVED MONITORING METHOD FOR IMPLANTATION OF PERONEAL

STIMULATOR 172

F.Gider, M.Kljajic, U.Bogataj, M.Tomsic, L.Tekavcic, B.Lisatc, R.Acimovic‑Janezic and A.Sel

FRACTURE IN A SPINAL CORD INJURED SUBJECT DURING ELECTRIC STIMULATION:

A CASE REPORT 172

A.P.Hartkopp,R.J.L.Murphy, T.Mohr, M.Kjaer and F.Biering‑Sorensen

SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPLANTING FNS SYSTEMS IN THE

LOWER EXTREMITIES 173

J.A.Davis, Jr., R.J.Triolo, N.Bhadra, J.Uhlir, M.Sharma and E.B.Marsolais

BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF FES STANDING UP AND SITTING DOWN

IN PARAPLEGICS 175

M.Dolan, B.Andrews and J.Paul

ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND

ANKLE‑FOOT‑ORTHOSES IN INCOMPLETE SPINAL CORD INJURY 177

M.Whittaker

FES CLOSED‑LOOP CONTROL OF STAND TO SIT TRANSITIONS USING

ACCELEROMETERS AND ELECTRO GONIOMETERS 179

J.Blijd, T.Houdayer, R.Davis and B.Andrews

THERAPEUTIC ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO THE LOWER EXTREMITIES OF

STROKE PATIENTS BY USING TWO CHANNEL STIMULATOR 181

M.Ichie

ROUTINE CLINICAL USE OF FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

IN HEMIPLEGIA 182

R.Acimovic, U.Stanic, N.Goljar, M.Kljajic, U.Bogataj and B.Lisatc

MOBILITY ISSUES AND PRIORITIES IN PERSONS WITH SCI:

A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION 184

D.L.Brown‑Triolo, R.J.Triolo and P.H.Peckham

PRODUCTION OF HIP AND KNEE FLEXION IN THE SWING PHASE BY USE

OF A NEW HYBRID ORTHOSIS 187

S.Gharooni, B.Heller and O.Tokhi

EVALUATION OF THE ANKLE ANGLES OF THE ANKLE‑FOOT‑ORTHOSIS

DURING WALKING 189

Y.Tsutsumi, Y.Shimada, K.Sato, H.Kagaya, S.Miyamoto, T.Matsunaga,

T.Kashiwagura, A.Misawa and M.Sato

MILD JOINT CONTRACTURE IS NOT A CONTRAINDICATION FOR

FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION 191

H.Kagaya, M.Sharma, R.Kobetic and E.B.Marsolais

EFFECTS OF WALKING TRAINING WITH A FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL

STIMULATION ASSISTED ORTHOSIS FOR SPINAL CORD INJURED

PERSONS: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS 193

M.Ladouceur and H.Barbeau

DISABILITY AND CONTROLLABILITY AFTER PARALYSIS:

A KINEMATIC STUDY 195

C‑H Yu & N.de N.Donaldson

ARM‑SUPPORTED STANDING UP: A COMPARATIVE STUDY 197

F.Bahrami, R.Riener, G.Schmidt

USE OF, AND THE APPROPRIATE TIME TO INITIATE,

NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION PROGRAMS 199

H.Rischbieth

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF ARM CRANKING ALONE, VERSUS

COMBINED ARM CRANKING AND ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED LEG

EXERCISE-A PILOT STUDY 200

H.Rishbieth, M.Jelbart, R.Marchal, M.Sharpe and A.Warden-Flood

IFESS'97 - SESSION 6

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND NEW DEVICES 203

COMMERCIALIZATION OF AN FES DEVICE 205

W.G.R.Gibson

BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF A MINIATURE STIMULATOR IMPLANTED IN FELINE

HIND LIMB MUSCLES 205

T.Cameron, T.L.Liinamaa, G.E.Loeb and F.J.R.Richmond

COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE HANDMASTER NMS1 206